Thaddeus Kosciuszko.
Andrzej Tadeusz Bonaventura Kościuszko (1746-1817), more commonly known as Thaddeus Kościuszko, was a Polish general, military engineer, and revolutionary. He fought in the American Revolutionary War, as well as an uprising in his home country. He was known for his bravery, kindness, patriotism, likeability, and unwavering strength of character. (US National Park Service)

Tadeusz Kościuszko, (born Feb. 4, 1746, Mereczowszczyzna, Pol.—died Oct. 15, 1817, Solothurn, Switz.), a Polish patriot who fought in the American Revolution. He studied military engineering in Paris and went to America in 1776, where he joined the colonial army. He helped build fortifications in Philadelphia, Pa., and at West Point, N.Y. As chief of engineers, he twice rescued the army of Gen. Nathanael Greene by directing river crossings. He also directed the blockade of Charleston, S.C. At the war’s end, he was awarded U.S. citizenship and made a Brigadier General. He returned to Poland in 1784 and became a Major General in the Polish Army. In 1794, he led a rebellion against occupying Russian and Prussian forces, during which he defended Warsaw for two months, directing residents to build earthworks. He was jailed in Russia from 1794 to 1796 and returned to the U.S. in 1797. After less than a year in the United States, he returned to Europe.

After retiring from public life to Berville, near Fontainebleau, France, Kosciuszko rebuffed efforts by Napoleon Bonaparte to enlist Polish support for France’s impending war with Russia. When Napoleon restored the Polish nation as the Grand Duchy of Warsaw in 1807, Kosciuszko remained in exile. After Napoleon’s fall in 1814, the Congress of Vienna again returned control over Poland to Russia. Kosciuszko spent the last years of his life in Switzerland, where he died in 1817. His body was later buried at Wawel Castle, in Krakow, Poland, alongside the tombs of the Polish kings.

Source of information: Source of information: www.britannica.com, www.history.com